Hellraisers Journal: “Men don’t scare easy when they fight to keep other men from burning their homes.”-Don MacGregor

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Quote John Lawson 1913, after October 17th Death Special attack on Forbes Tent Colony, Beshoar p74—————

Hellraisers Journal – Sunday May 10, 1914
Don MacGregor Describes the Battle of the Hogback, Near Walsenburg

From the Chicago Day Book of May 5, 1914:

Remember Ludlow Battle Cry on Hogback Near Walsenburg CO, Day Book p1, May 4, 1914

They fired carefully, deliberately. They didn’t fire to frighten but to kill.

But they didn’t shoot at those militiamen because the blood lust was in their veins. They shot because the memory of Ludlow was in their minds.

Soon after the battle started, Rockefeller’s murderers at the Walsen mine turned their machine guns on the city of Walsenburg. Two men were killed there, while women and children crouched in terror in the basements of their homes.

Such was the battle of Walsenburg, in which 300 strikers Wednesday [April 29th] defended their position on a hilltop against about 200 so-called militiamen.

They tell me that one militiamen and ten gunmen were killed. It’s too bad but they shouldn’t be militiamen and gunmen. They shouldn’t be working for greedy coal operators against men and women and children who are striking for bread.

It wouldn’t be so bad if they weren’t working against the women and children. The men can stand their attacks. But when they kill wives and mothers and babies, kill them for hire it’s different.

I never knew braver or better men than those miners. They’re rough; they’re ignorant, but they’re men. They love their families.

And I know that when they fought the militia at Walsenburg it was simply to protect their families.

It wasn’t for revenge. It was from fear of another massacre.

The strikers under me occupied a position on a hill “the Hogback.” One-half mile back of them was their camp of Toltec, and stretching twelve miles back of that were seven other strikers’ camps in which were fifteen hundred women and children. All that stood between John D. Rockefeller’s murderers and these fifteen hundred women and children was “The Hogback” and the strikers on it.

And every man was thinking of Ludlow. Four men who had lost wives and children in the massacre there were in our ranks. They’d told the story of Ludlow, over and over again. They’d told how the militiamen and the gunmen, brought to Colorado to kill for hire, had trained their machine guns on the camp. They’d heard how the tents were set on fire, how the children screamed and died in cruel flames!

And they were determined to die rather than let those militiamen reach the camp back of Walsenburg.

We didn’t do wrong. We didn’t resist officers of the law. We resisted men who have preyed on us for months, who have shot us down, who have burned our camps and who have killed our women and children. That’s the awful part.

Continue reading “Hellraisers Journal: “Men don’t scare easy when they fight to keep other men from burning their homes.”-Don MacGregor”

Hellraisers Journal: International Socialist Review: “Calumet” by Leslie H. Marcy, Part II-Profits, Wages and Working Conditions

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Quote re Annie Clemenc at Mass Funeral Calumet, Day Book p4, Jan 6, 1914—————

Hellraisers Journal – Tuesday February 3, 1914
“Calumet” by Leslie H. Marcy, Part II-Profits, Wages and Working Conditions

From the International Socialist Review of February 1914:

Calumet MI by LH Marcy, ISR p453, Feb 1914

[Part II of II]

Italian Hall Massacre Calumet MI, Small White Caskets, ISR p457, Feb 1914

We have seen how the copper country is governed by an “invisible government”; from the judge on the bench, to the grand jury in session; from the national guard of the state of Michigan, on “duty,” since July 24, 1913, to the sheriff with his hundreds of imported professional strike breakers whom he swore in as deputies. The Calumet and Hecla Mining Company, Calumet, is the invisible government of Michigan.

This poor-little-rich corporation was “created” in the early fifties. According to a statement given out by Attorney Peterman, and endorsed by General Manager W. F. Denton, and General Manager C. L. Lawton, we find this devout confession: ”The profits of the Calumet and Hecla have been large, but they were due solely to the fact that the Creator put such rich ore in the company’s ground.”

However, Congress in the year of our Lord, 1852, seems to have been in total ignorance of this little gift on the Creator’s part to the copper crowd, for we find that “it gave to the state of Michigan 750,000 acres of public land, to aid it in building a ship canal around the Falls of St. Mary. The state in turn bargained this land to the contractors who built the canal, at a dollar and a quarter an acre. The lands thus disposed of at so beggarly a price were supposed to be swamp, or overflowed lands, but somehow, and strange to say, a part of them are now the rocky matrices from which the Calumet and Hecla has long been extracting shot-copper,-that company having in some way got hold of them. Years later a man named Chandler, who claimed to have bought the same land over again from the State of Michigan, brought a suit to dispossess the copper company,-charging all sorts of fraud in the switching of swamps so as to be quarries of copper-bearing rock. But the Supreme Court ruled against him, on the ground that as he got his deed from the state, he was in no better plight than the state, and that the state could not go back on its first deed to the canal contractors: so the Calumet and Hecla people kept it.”

This “good thing” was capitalized for $2,500,000 in shares of $25 each, instead of $100-note that. Of this $25 a share, only $12 was paid in. A total cash investment of $1,200,000. According to the Mining and Engineering World of December 27th, Calumet and Hecla has declared dividends on issued capitalization to December 1, 1913, amounting to $121,650,000, or $1,216 a share or $101 profits for each dollar invested.

Dividends for 1900 amounted to 320 per cent; for 1906, 280 per cent; for 1907, 260 per cent. In the Boston market, the stock was quoted on the day before New Years, at 427, bid price. Bearing in mind that the par value of the shares is but $25, this figure means that the stock is now worth more than 1,700 per cent, and bearing in mind also that only $12 a share was actually paid in, it means more than 3,400 per cent, market value. The president of the company receives a salary greater than the president of the United States.

Not long ago, when dividends threatened to be unusually enormous, the company purchased an extensive island in Lake Superior, stocked it with the finest game, and it is now used by stockholders of the company as a hunting preserve.

And the capitalists, who have never seen the inside of a mine shaft, who have stolen and defrauded to gain possession of the Calumet mines, have refused to permit their wage slaves, who produce all the wealth brought out of the mines, to organize into a union. They have denied the right of these workers to organize to demand more wages and better working conditions. Their arrogance is summed up in the words “We have nothing to arbitrate.”

These capitalists want MORE labor from the laborers. They are not satisfied with having stolen hundreds of millions from the men who have dug the wealth from the dangerous recesses of the earth. They demand still MORE.

* * * * * * *

Continue reading “Hellraisers Journal: International Socialist Review: “Calumet” by Leslie H. Marcy, Part II-Profits, Wages and Working Conditions”

Hellraisers Journal: From The Day Book: Movie Depicts Tragedy and Heartache as Small White Caskets are Carried from Churches in Calumet to the Cemetery

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Quote re Annie Clemenc at Mass Funeral Calumet, Day Book p4, Jan 6, 1914—————

Hellraisers Journal – Tuesday January 6, 1914
Calumet, Michigan – Mothers, Fathers, Sisters, Brothers Follow Small White Caskets

From the Chicago Day Book of January 6, 1914:

MOVIES SHOW GHASTLINESS OF CALUMET’S
RECENT FIRE CATASTROPHE

[by Editor N. D Cochran]

[Note: There was no fire; the stampede to the stairway was caused by a man, wearing a Citizens Alliance button, who intentionally raised a false alarm of fire.]

MI Strikers Parade, Annie w Flag, ed, Survey p127, Nov 1, 1913

There were two exhibitions of the moving pictures of the funeral of the victims of the Christmas eve disaster in Calumet yesterday.

In the little hall up three flights of stairs on North Clark street the picture received its baptism.

Its sponsors were two members of the Western Federation of Miners, three motion picture operators-one of whom had taken the picture-a picture producer, two newspapermen and an express wagon driver who had wandered into the darkened, bare hall, and stayed to watch the film unreeled, held by the power of the spectacle presented.

In the comments of the spectators was revealed the appeal of the picture.

Scenes of disaster, of misery and suffering were no strangers to those present. But the pathos of the picture pierced the veneer of cynicism and struck home. 

With a flare and sputter the picture flashed on the little screen, revealing the church at which the service for the 57 victims buried was held.

Hundreds milled around the doors struggling to gain an entrance. Children predominated in the crowd, seeking to pay a final tribute to their playmates, whose lives had been so needlessly crushed out because someone had made a fatal blunder or worse.

A fine snow was falling, and the streets were covered with white. But the picture was wonderfully clear.

“Good stuff,” commented one of the picture men. “Notice how those buildings in the background stand out?” 

An interurban car wormed, its way through the crowd which choked the street.

“H–l! Don’t them street car people there care nothing for a funeral,” came from the expressman, not conscious that he was speaking aloud.

A quick change in the picture, and the first coffin was brought from the church door. It was white and small. Nearly all of the coffins were white and small.

On the shoulders of four men the little box was borne down the steps of the church and placed in a waiting hearse. Another followed. And then another. They came in such quick succession that they could not be counted.

The supply of hearses ran out. And then came the most moving part of the picture. Two squads of four men each were assigned to a coffin and the coffin was carried aloft on their shoulders. When one squad tired another leaped to take its place.

A second street car sundered the head of the cortege as it started on its long march to the burying ground.

A quick transformation, and the scene changed to the funeral procession nearing the cemetery. Down the narrow ribbon of road it came, across the plain from Calumet. The road was a mass of black against the snowy wastes of the surrounding country.

Hearse after hearse passed. Some of the bodies were conveyed in sleighs. And then came the men marching with the coffins on their shoulders. They were carried two abreast.

Across the sky line was a smudge of smoke from one of the Calumet & Hecla mines. While the strikers were burying their dead the work of the mines went on. In the foreground loomed the shaft of the Red Jacket mine, where, many of the men had toiled before they went on strike.

“That sky line stuff is great,” commented one of the picture, operators “You can see people clear back to the town, and it must be a couple of miles away.” 

“Yet they say there are only 3,000 of us on strike,” muttered Yanco Terzich, member of the miners’ union, who has guarded the film since it was brought from Calumet. “Look at those people. There are 15,000 in line. There would have been more, but they didn’t have the railroad fare. They have to eat.”

Following the last coffin came the women, the mothers of the children whose bodies were being borne on ahead. In a solid mass they marched, thousands of them. Many were weeping. Children clung to their hands, sobbing for sisters or brothers who were lying in the little white caskets carried on the shoulders of the men.

And then came the strikers. They were grim, tight-lipped, looking straight ahead toward the burying ground. At their head was a woman carrying an American flag shrouded in black.

Anarchists these men have been called. But they marched behind the flag that the militiamen had tried to take from them. They did not look like anarchists. They seemed to be very ordinary men, bundled in their fur caps and great coats.

On they came. When the head of the procession reached the cemetery the rear was still resting in the city.

A close view of the two trenches in which the bodies were laid was thrown on the screen. Up above the strikers stood Annie Clemenc, girl leader of the miners. She was not the usual militant Annie Clemenc. She was saying a prayer for the children.

The picture machine sputtered and the screen went dark. The reel of film had been run.

“That’s great stuff,” said one of the reporters. “But how are you going to write about it? How can you make people feel that picture by hammering a typewriter. They’ve got to see it. It’s too big for me.”

And it is too big. You do have to see it. It is like nothing ever pictured before.

Later the film was taken to the city hall to be passed on by the board of censors, of which Police Sergt. Jerry O’Connor is chief.

It was run so they might approve, which they did.

“There’s nothing harmful in that picture,” was O’Connor’s verdict. “But I think it is too long.” 

It is too long-too pitifully long-though not in the way O’Connor meant.

[Photograph and emphasis added.]

Continue reading “Hellraisers Journal: From The Day Book: Movie Depicts Tragedy and Heartache as Small White Caskets are Carried from Churches in Calumet to the Cemetery”

WE NEVER FORGET: Big Annie Clemenc, Heroine of Michigan’s Copper Country, and Christmas Eve, 1913, Italian Hall Tragedy

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Up above the strikers stood Annie Clemenc,
girl leader of the miners.
She was not the usual militant Annie Clemenc.
She was saying a prayer for the children.
The Day Book, January 6, 1914

Annie Takes Up Her Flag

Annie Clemenc w Flag, ISR p342, Dec 1913

On July 23, 1913, 9,000 copper miners of the Keweenaw Peninsula, Upper Michigan, laid down their tools and walked off the job. They were led by the great Western Federation of Miners, and they had voted by a good majority for a strike: 9,000 out of 13,000. The main issues were hours (the miners wanted an eight hour day), wages, and safety. The miners hated the new one-man drill which they called the “widow-maker.” They claimed this drill made an already dangerous job more dangerous.

The mining companies had steadfastly refused to recognize the Western Federation of Miners in any way. They would continue to refuse all efforts at negotiation or arbitration, even those plans for arbitration which did not include the union, and this despite the best efforts of Governor Ferris, and the U. S. Department of Labor. James MacNaughton, general manger of Calumet and Hecla Mining Company, famously stated that grass would grow in the streets and that he would teach the miners to eat potato parings before he would negotiate with the striking miners.

The Keweenaw Peninsula was a cold, windy place, jutting out into Lake Superior from the Upper Peninsula of Michigan. This area was known as the Copper Country of Michigan and included Calumet Township of Houghton County, with the twin towns of Hancock and Houghton ten miles to the south. Calumet Township included the villages of Red Jacket and Laurium.

It was here in Red Jacket, on the third day of the strike that Annie Clemenc, miner’s daughter and miner’s wife took up a massive America flag and led an early morning parade of 400 striking miners and their families. Annie Clemenc was six feet tall, and some claimed she was taller than that by two inches. The flag she carried was so massive that it required a staff two inches thick and ten feet tall. The miners and their supporters marched out of the Italian Hall and through the streets of the Red Jacket to the Blue Jacket and Yellow Jacket mines. They marched silently, without a band, lined up three and four abreast. These early morning marches, with Annie and her flag in the lead, were to become a feature of the strike.

Hellraisers Journal: From Työmies of Hancock, Michigan: “MURHATTU! lakkoliasten lasten joloujuhlasta tehtün julma kapitalismen uhriteurastus”

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Quote Mother Jones, Pray for dead, ed, Ab Chp 6, 1925—————

Hellraisers Journal – Friday December 26, 1913
Strikers’ Children of Calumet Murdered as Sacrificial Slaughter to Capitalism

From Työmies of December 26, 1913:

Calumet MI Strikers Children Muredered, MURHATTU, Tyomies p1, Dec 26, 1913

Continue reading “Hellraisers Journal: From Työmies of Hancock, Michigan: “MURHATTU! lakkoliasten lasten joloujuhlasta tehtün julma kapitalismen uhriteurastus””

Hellraisers Journal: From Miners Magazine: “The Faithful Dog” Walks the Streets of Chicago to Advertise Against Scabs

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Quote Mother Jones, Stick Together, MI Mnrs Bltn p1, Aug 14, 1913—————

Hellraisers Journal – Friday November 7, 1913
Chicago, Illinois – Faithful Dog, Topey, Says, “Don’t Be a Scab”

From the Miners Magazine of November 6, 1913:

No Scab Dog of Chicago, CO UMW MI WFM Strikes, Mnrs Mag p8, Nov 6, 1913

Continue reading “Hellraisers Journal: From Miners Magazine: “The Faithful Dog” Walks the Streets of Chicago to Advertise Against Scabs”

Hellraisers Journal: Calumet, Michigan-Gunthugs Shoot into Strikers’ Parade; Thousands Attend Funeral for Manerich

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Quote Mother Jones, Powers of Privilege ed, Ab Chp III—————

Hellraisers Journal – Saturday October 18, 1913
Copper Country, Michigan – Strikers Ruled by Deputized Company Gunthugs

From the Chicago Day Book of October 13, 1913:

HdLn Calumet MI, Gunmen Shoot into Strikers Parade, Day Book p6, Oct 13, 1913

From the Miners’ Magazine of October 9, 1913:

HdLn MI Government by Gunthugs, Mnrs Mag p7, Oct 9, 1913

Partial transcript:

In Houghton county, Michigan, where the copper miners are on strike, the sheriff hired imported gunmen from the Waddell-Mahon agency of New York and swore them in as deputy sheriffs, arming them with guns and official stars.

Sheriff Cruse told me he had 1,2000 of them on duty, and that 400 of them were “company” men-that is, gunmen sworn in as deputy sheriffs, but on the payroll and working under the direction of the mining companies.

James A. Waddell told Walter B. Palmer, government statistician, that he had 108 men on duty in the county and that the Burns Detective Agency had twelve “detectives.”

At the time I was there the state of Michigan had about 650 militiamen on duty. They were armed, of course.

While Waddell was not a citizen of Michigan and Sheriff Cruse had been elected by the people, Waddell was to all intents and purposes the actual sheriff and directed the work of the gunmen.

And the mine managers directed the work of Waddell. He was on their payroll.

[Emphasis added.]

Continue reading “Hellraisers Journal: Calumet, Michigan-Gunthugs Shoot into Strikers’ Parade; Thousands Attend Funeral for Manerich”

Hellraisers Journal: From The Day Book: Heroine Annie Clemenc by N. D. Cochran-American Joan of Arc in Fight for Liberty

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Quote Annie Clemenc, Die Behind Flag, Mnrs Bltn, Sept 16, 1913—————

Hellraisers Journal – Friday October 10, 1913
Calumet, Michigan – Annie Clemenc, Leader of Women and Strike Sympathizers

From The Day Book of October 8, 1913:

Heroine Annie Clemenc, Day Book p1, Oct 8, 1913

Annie Clemenc with Flag, Day Book p3, Oct 8, 1913

The news dispatches tell of the arrest of Annie Clemenc, leader of the women strike sympathizers at Calumet, Michigan-the woman who has carried the American flag at the head of the striking miners daily parade.

But that doesn’t tell very much. It doesn’t tell the story of Annie Clemenc. The name means nothing to you who read the mere statement that Annie Clemenc was arrested.

But I have met Annie Clemenc. I have talked with her. I have seen her marching along the middle of the street, carrying that great American flag. It is a silk flag. The staff must be fully two inches thick.

When I read that Annie Clemenc has been arrested I think of the dirty little jail in Calumet. And I think of Joan of Arc and the Goddess of Liberty. Then I think of the notable women I have seen in New York, in San Francisco, in Chicago and in Washington.

Early one morning I trudged along the road, walking at one side with Moyer, president of the Western Federation of Miners, as the parade went from Red Jacket to Laurium and back. Women were in the front-miners’ wives, miners’ daughters-and Annie Clemenc, heroine, marched with them and carried the flag.

Annie Clemenc is a miner’s wife. A Croatian [Slovenian], she was born in this county and educated in the schools of Calumet. If she were dressed in the fashion people would turn to look at her if she walked down State street or Fifth avenue. Even in her plain dress she is a striking figure. Strong, with firm but supple muscles, fearless, ready to die for a cause, this woman is the kind all red-blooded men could take their hats off to.

A militia officer said to me at Calumet: “If McNaughton could only buy Big Annie he could break this strike.”

I suppose Annie Clemenc knows what it is to go hungry, but I don’t believe all the millions of dividends ever taken out of the Calumet & Hecla mine could buy her.

The day when the soldiers rode down the flag Annie Clemenc stood holding the staff of that big flag in front of her, horizontally. She faced cavalrymen with drawn sabers, infantrymen with bayonetted guns. They ordered her back. She didn’t move an inch. She defied the soldiers. She was struck on her right wrist with a bayonet, and over the right bosom and shoulder with a deputy’s club.

[She said:]

Kill me. Run your bayonets and sabers through this flag and kill me, but I wont go back. If this flag will not protect me, then I will die with it.

And she didn’t go back. Miners rushed up, took the flag and got her back for fear she might be killed.

After the parade one morning Annie Clemenc came up to the curb where President Moyer was standing. I was there.

Looking up at him she said:

It’s hard to keep one’s hands off the scabs.

I asked her if the big flag wasn’t heavy.

[She said:]

I get used to it. I carried it ten miles one morning. The men wouldn’t let me carry it back. I love to carry it.

Continue reading “Hellraisers Journal: From The Day Book: Heroine Annie Clemenc by N. D. Cochran-American Joan of Arc in Fight for Liberty”

Hellraisers Journal: From the Michigan Miners’ Bulletin: “A Woman’s Story” by Annie Clemenc of Calumet

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Quote Annie Clemenc, Die Behind Flag, Mnrs Bltn, Sept 16, 1913—————

Hellraisers Journal – Sunday October 5, 1913
Annie Clemenc, Wife of Striking Miner, Arrested Yet Again

From the Michigan Miners’ Bulletin of October 2, 1913

A Woman’s Story

Annie Clemenc w Flag, Dtt Tx p2, Sept 25, 1913

At Seventh Street Tuesday morning a party of strikers met a man with a dinner bucket. I asked him: “Where are you going, partner?” He replied: “To work.” “Not in the mine are you?” “You bet I am.” after talking with him a while his wife came and took him down the street. She seemed very much afraid.

He had just gone when a couple of Austrians came along with their buckets. I stepped up to one I knew: “O! George, you are not going to work, are you? Come, stay with us. Don’t allow that bad woman to drive you to work. Stick to us and we will stick to you.” He stepped back, willing to comply with my request.

Then the deputies came, caught him by the shoulder and pushed him along, saying: “You coward, are you going back because a woman told you not to go to work?” The deputies, some eight or ten of them, pulled him along with them.

A militia officer, I think it was General Abbey, said: “Annie, you have to get away from here.” “No, I am not going. I have a right to stand here and quietly ask the scabs not to go to work.”

I was standing to one side of the crowd and he said: “You will have to get in the auto.” “I won’t go until you tell me the reason.” Then he made me get in the auto. I kept pounding the automobile with my feet and asking what I was being taken to jail for. The officer said: “Why don’t you stay at home?” “I won’t stay at home, my work is here, nobody can stop me. I am going to keep at it until this strike is won.” I was kept in jail from six-thirty until twelve, then released under bond.

[Newsclip added. Emphasis added.]

Note that Annie was arrested by the military only for talking quietly to the scabs. The deputies who man-handled the scab and forced him to go to work against his will were not in any way molested by the military.

This same issue of the Miners’ Bulletin (page 2) contains an affidavit sworn to and signed by 24 strikebreakers. They tell of being shipped into the Copper Country under false pretenses, of being beaten when they refused to work after they realized that a strike was on, of then being kept prisoner in a boarding house for refusing to work, and of not being paid for the work that they did do. These men were finally released, and then made their way to the Union Hall. They swore out their affidavit on Sept. 29 in Houghton County.

And thus, not only do the soldiers not prevent the deputies from making prisoners of imported workers who refuse to be turned into scabs, but the soldiers actively assists these deputies. In fact, many of the soldiers have been made deputies once their term of service ends.

On Wednesday, October 1, Annie, known as the Joan of Arc of the striking copper miners, was arrested yet again, this time by a Major Harry Britton. Annie was marching at the head of 400 strikers, carrying her huge American flag as usual. They were on their way to perform picket duty at the mines when they were stopped by deputies and cavalrymen with Major Britton in command.

Major Britton attempted to arrest Annie, claiming she spit at a scab. When the Major used his sword to beat back a striker who came to Annie’s aid, other strikers joined in the fray. Cavalrymen then charged into the midst of the strikers. Major Britton bragged:

Excited horses prancing about are the best weapons.

He describe the results with satisfaction:

..a striker with his head bleeding, blood flowing down over his shirt, [was] half-staggering along the road.

Annie was arrested along with nine others. Annie was released and an the very next day lead another strikers’ march with her immense American flag.

Continue reading “Hellraisers Journal: From the Michigan Miners’ Bulletin: “A Woman’s Story” by Annie Clemenc of Calumet”