Hellraisers Journal: Striking Miner, Alex Breedlove, Shot Down in Cold Blood with Hands in the Air and a Prayer on His Lips

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Quote Fred Mooney, Mingo Co Gunthugs, UMWJ p15, Dec 1, 1920—————

Hellraisers Journal – Sunday June 19, 1921
Lick Creek Tent Colony, Mingo County – The Death Alex Breedlove

June 18, 1921, Affidavits of James Williams and Willie Hodge: 

STATE OF WEST VIRGINIA, County of Mingo, to wit:

Mingo Co WV, Tent Colony, Map, WVgn p1, May 19, 1921

James Williams, being duly sworn upon his oath, says that he is a resident of the Lick Creek tent colony and that he was there on the 14th day of June, 1921, when the same was raided by State police and their confederates and deputy sheriff, and when Alex Breedlove was murdered; that he was about 30 feet from Breedlove when he was shot and saw James Bowles, State policeman, shoot him; Bowles was about 6 or 7 feet from Breedlove, and Breedlove had his hands up above his head at the time he was shot; Bowles said to Breedlove, “Hold up your hands, God damn you, and if you have got anything to say, say it fast,” and Breedlove said, “Lord, have mercy,” and instantly the gun fired and Breedlove fell. They were standing facing each other and Breedlove just above him on the hill.

At the same time Victor Blackburn, a special State police, was shooting at Garfield More, who was behind a tree, the same tree that Breedlove had just been behind, and after Bowles had called Breedlove to come out from behind the tree and put up his hands and come to him and he had done so and then was shot, Bowles immediately turned his gun on Garfield Moore, but did not have time to fire until he was shot in the back by another State police who was lying flat down on the ground straight down the hill below Policeman Bowles; that at the crack of his rifle a half dozen or more women who were there screamed out, “Look out, man, you are shooting your own men,” and ask him to get away from there; that he would get them all killed.

Affiant thereupon said to the man who had shot Bowles, “Yes; you done shot this man up here now,” and at that he said to affiant, “You are a damn liar, you damn black———-, you get away from there.” And thereupon the said police who had shot Police Bowles fainted and was carried off the ground by Willie Ball and carried under a bridge across Lick Creek. He remained under this bridge 30 or 40 minutes, with a lot of union miners who had taken shelter under said bridge.

JAMES WILLIAMS.

Subscribed and sworn to before me this the 18th day of June, 1921.

THOMAS WEST, Notary Public.

Willie Hodge, being duly sworn, says that he was present when Alex Breed love was shot and that the statement made about his shooting by James Williams is correct.

WILLIE HODGE.

Sworn to before me this the 18th day of June, 1921.

THOMAS WEST, Notary Public.

[Photograph and emphasis added.]

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Hellraisers Journal: Striking Miner Alex Breedlove Shot Down in Raid on Lick Creek Tent Colony, Mingo County, W. V.

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Quote Mother Jones, Pray for dead, ed, Ab Chp 6, 1925—————

Hellraisers Journal – Thursday June 16, 1921
Lick Creek Tent Colony of Mingo County – Striker Alex Breedlove Shot Down

From The New York Herald of June 15, 1921:

ONE KILLED, TWO HURT IN NEW MINGO FIGHT
————— 
47 in Tent Colony of Idle Miners Are Arrested.
———-

Mingo Co WV, Tent Colony, Map, WVgn p1, May 19, 1921

WILLIAMSON, W. Va., June 14.-One men was killed, two others were wounded and forty-seven residents of the Lick Creek tent colony of idle miners near Williamson are held in the county jail as the result of the fight to-day at Lick Creek between authorities and the colonists.

Alex Breedlove is dead, while James A. Bowles, State trooper, was wounded and Martin Justice, in charge of the colony, received wounds in the cheek and leg.

The fight started after Major Tom Davis, commanding Mingo under martial law proclamation, had returned to Lick Creek with reinforcements of citizen State troopers to arrest about two-score of the idle miners, as his forces had been fired on in the vicinity earlier in the day. Trooper Bowles, in charge of a party of citizen State police [deputized company gunthugs], encountered several men near the colony. Orders from Bowles to throw up their hands brought shots, it was said, resulting in Breedlove’s death and in the wounding of Bowles.

—————

[Photograph and emphasis added.]

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Hellraisers Journal: Forty-Two Striking Miners Arrested in Raid on Lick Creek Tent Colony, Mingo County, West Virginia

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Quote Mother Jones, Doomed, Wmsn WV, June 20, 1920, Speeches Steel, p213—————

Hellraisers Journal – Friday June 10, 1921
Mingo County – Lick Creek Colony Raided; Striking Miners Arrested 

From The New York Times of June 6, 1921:

ARREST FORTY IN MINGO.
—–
Military Authorities Accuse Them of
Violating Martial Law.

Mingo County WV, Strikers n Families Lick Creek Tent Colony, Lt Dg p16, Dec 18, 1920

WILLIAMSON, W. V Va., June 5.-Forty-two men, residents of the Lick Creek Tent Colony of idle miners, near Williamson, were arrested today and locked up in the county jail charged with violating the proclamation of martial law recently imposed following disorders in the Mingo coal fields.

The purpose of the raid, said Captain U. R. Brockus of the State Police, was an attempt to bring to justice those who had fired upon motorists in the vicinity of the tent colony during the past few weeks. Decision to make the raid, it was said, followed when reports reached State Police Headquarters that an automobile in which five persons were riding was fired upon this morning. Five bullets struck the car, according to the reports, but no one was injured.

The arrests were made by State Police and deputy sheriffs, headed by Captain Brockus and Sheriff Pinson, and consisted of about forty men, all heavily armed. No resistance was offered, but the authorities declared that eight armed men fled into the mountains when the posse reached the camp. One was captured after an exciting chase. The prisoners will be examined tomorrow.

—————

[Emphasis added. Photograph added from Literary Digest of Dec. 18, 1920.]

[Note: “deputy sheriffs” often means deputized company gunthugs.]

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Hellraisers Journal: Martial Law Declared for Mingo County; Keeney Promises Pay to Non-Union Miners Who Quit Work

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Quote Mother Jones Princeton WV Speech Aug 15, 1920, Steel Speeches, p227—————

Hellraisers Journal – Saturday May 21, 1921
Mingo County, West Virginia – Governor Declares Martial Law
 -Keeney’s reply is to promise pay to non-union men who quit work.

From The West Virginian of May 20, 1921:

Mingo Co WV, Gov Proclaims Martial Law, WVgn p1, May 20, 1921—–Mingo Co WV, Keeney Replies to Martial Law, WVgn p1, May 20, 1921

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Hellraisers Journal: Relief Workers Bring Christmas Cheer to Children of Striking Miners at Mingo Tent Colonies

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Quote Fred Mooney, Mingo Co Gunthugs, UMWJ p15, Dec 1, 1920———-

Hellraisers Journal – Sunday December 26, 1920
Mingo County, West Virginia – Relief Workers Bring Cheer to Tent Colonies

From The Washington Post of December 25, 1920:

CHRISTMAS CHEER FOR MINGO TENTS
———-
Relief Workers Give Fruits and Toys
to Strikers’ Families

Williamson, W. Va., Dec. 24 (By the Associated Press).-Relief workers who have been employed during the last week in distributing Christmas cheer to the striking miners and their families in the Tug River coal field, reported to union headquarters here tonight that their task was completed. Two carloads of goods have been assigned to the tent colonists throughout the district, and strikers who reside in houses have been provided with seasonal necessities.

Mingo County WV, Miners Wife Children Tent Colony ed, Lxgtn KY Hld p11, Dec 12, 1920

Besides the candies, fruits and toys, nearly 2,000 hams were distributed for those who may not be able to have turkeys. The big community Christmas tree erected in the courthouse yard in Williamson was lighted for the first time tonight with scores of colored electric bulbs. There will be no formal ceremony about the tree, which was intended for the soldiers on strike duty in the coal fields as well as the residents, until tomorrow night. All civic clubs have joined in an effort to make tomorrows celebration the most successful ever held in this community…..

[Photograph and emphasis added.]

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Hellraisers Journal: Twenty-Four Men Face Trial for Part in Battle of Matewan; Life is Grim in Miners’ Tent Colonies

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Quote Sid Hatfield, re Evictions per R Minor, Lbtr p11 , Aug 1920———-

Hellraisers Journal – Wednesday December 15, 1920
Matewan, West Virginia – 24  Charged with Murder of Gunthugs

From The Washington Times of December 12, 1920:

Mingo Co WV, 24 Face Trial, WDC Tx p12, Dec 12, 1920Mingo Co WV, 24 to Trial w Sid Hatfield Part I, WDC Tx p12, Dec 12, 1920[There follows a long account of the Battle of Matewan.]Mingo Co WV, 24 to Trial w Sid Hatfield Part II, WDC Tx p12, Dec 12, 1920

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Hellraisers Journal: From The Nation: “Labor’s Valley Forge” by Neil Burkinshaw -Life in Tent Colonies of Mingo County

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Quote Fred Mooney, Mingo Co Gunthugs, UMWJ p15, Dec 1, 1920———-

Hellraisers Journal – Tuesday December 14, 1920
Mingo County, West Virginia – Report from Miners’ Tent Colonies

From The Nation of December 8, 1920:

Labor’s Valley Forge

By NEIL BURKINSHAW

DRIVEN from their homes at the point of a gun for the crime of joining the union , more than four hundred miners and their families are camping in tents on the snow-covered mountains in Mingo County, West Virginia. To add to their difficulties federal troops have been summoned to play the ancient game of keeping “law and order.” But it will take more than the cold clutch of winter and the presence of soldiers to make the miners surrender in their fight for recognition of their right to unionize.

Mingo Co WV, Children in Tents, Lbr Ns Altoona Tb p10, Sept 3, 1920

Across the Tug River, a narrow stream dividing Mingo County from Kentucky, is the union workers’ “No Man’s Land” held by the gunmen of the Kentucky coal operators who waylay, beat, and sometimes kill anyone even suspected of union affiliations. The same condition obtains in McDowell County of West Virginia just south of Mingo. The region was settled in pre-Revolutionary days by pioneers who crossed the mountains from Virginia and North Carolina, a hardy stock of Welsh, English, and Scotch from whom the miners are descended. One rarely encounters a foreigner there so that the industrial war now raging can not be ascribed-as is the convenient practice-to the agitation of the foreign element .

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Hellraisers Journal: United Mine Workers Journal: Fred Mooney Reports on Struggle in Mingo County, West Virginia

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Quote Fred Mooney, Mingo Co Gunthugs, UMWJ p15, Dec 1, 1920———-

Hellraisers Journal – Tuesday December 7, 1920
Mingo County, West Virginia – Fred Mooney Reports on Miners’ Struggle

From the United Mine Workers Journal of December 1, 1920:

Figures About Mingo County Are Juggled

Editor The Journal-One B. C. Clarke, supposed to be a representative of the New York Herald, in its issue of Sunday, November 7, says in part, that the “strike” in Mingo county, West Virginia, has cost $24,200,000.00 and a loss in tonnage production of five million tons. We do not know what prompted Mr. Clarke to juggle figures as he did in this article, but anyone with any intelligence whatever, can readily see that the article is a gross misrepresentation of facts.

UMW D17, Mooney Keeney, Lbtr p9, Aug 1920

In the first instance, Mr. Clarke leaves the impression that the “strike” in Mingo county is a continuance of the Hatfield-McCoy feuds. Nothing could be further from the truth, as there is no feud in this territory now, nor has there been any marks of one for years. The economic aspect of the struggle now going on in Mingo county is a struggle of a group of crushed wage slaves who have been robbed from their birth of from 35 to 50 per cent of the wages rightfully earned by them and that portion of their wages of which they were robbed was paid out to private armies of “gunmen” to club the miners into submission.

Let us review the figures quoted by Mr. Clarke. He says that 700 miners are on “strike”, which is a fabrication manufactured of whole cloth. Let us see if the loss in tonnage production is 5,000,000 tons. The miners were locked out on July 1, 1920. Four months they have been out of employment, 26 days to each month. If every miner had worked full time, each would have had to produce in round figures, 68 tons per day; or take his total number of employees thrown out of employment, which was 3,500 and they would have had to produce 13.73 tons per day, which is impossible, as the highest average of production per employe was reached in 1918, and for that year, the average production per employe, was 4.20 tons. The average production per miner for the year of 1918 in the State of West Virginia, was 7.65 tons. This average was the highest in the history of the state.

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Hellraisers Journal: Strikers at Lick Creek Tent Colony Prepare for Winter as Scabs Brought from Ohio to Tug River Field

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Quote Mother Jones, Doomed, Wmsn WV, June 20, 1920, Speeches Steel, p213———-

Hellraisers Journal – Sunday October 17, 1920
Tug River Field, W. V. – Scabs Arrive as Lick Creek Tent Colony Prepares for Winter

From the United Mine Workers Journal of October 15, 1920:

Bringing in Strike Breakers in
the Tug River Field

WV Mingo Co Miners Strike, Fed Troops Lick Creek, BDB p1, Sept 24, 1920
The Butte Daily Bulletin
September 24, 1920

Dispatches from Williamson, W. Va., say that coal operators in the Tug River strike field have begun the importation of strike breakers on an extensive scale. It is said that 125 men, recruited mainly from factories in Akron, O., and other points in that region, have been sent to Williamson to be distributed throughout that district, and across the river in Pike county, Ky.

A man believed to be Anton Skilba, of Cleveland, is at the tent colony of strikers on Lick creek, two miles up the Tug River from Williamson, suffering from a fractured skull, received in one of the numerous clashes in the mountains.

The Lick creek colony contains sixty-two tents housing 107 men, women and children. Preparations are being made to put board floors in the tents, presaging an intention to cling to the makeshift homes and continue the strike into the winter. Living conditions there are of the most primitive type. Food in many cases is cooked on stoves made of rocks and mud.

None of the children wear more than one garment. The men and women are shabby. Food is scarce and what there is of a very coarse variety.

—————

[Newsclip and emphasis added.]

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Hellraisers Journal: 6,000 Miners Strike for Union Recognition in Newly Organized Williamson Field, Tug River District

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Quote Mother Jones, Doomed, Wmsn WV, June 20, 1920, Speeches Steel, p213———-

Hellraisers Journal – Saturday July 3, 1920
Coal Strike Affects 5,000 Miners in Mingo County and 1,000 in Pike County

From The Charleston Daily Mail of June 30, 1920:

WILLIAMSON DISTRICT MINERS
TO QUIT TONIGHT
—–

Mingo Strike Effective at Midnight, Cton Dly Ml p1, June 30, 1920

About 5,000 mine workers of Mingo county W. Va., and 1,000 in Pike county, Ky., will be affected by a strike order issued from the Summers street headquarters of District 17, United Mine Workers to take effect at midnight tonight, according to officials of that organization, who that virtually all the miners of Mingo county and those employed on Kentucky side of the Tug river, and along Pond creek in Pike county, will strike.

Williamson Conv crpd, Mother Jones, UMWJ p7, July 1, 1920
United Mine Workers Journal of June 1, 1920
Note Mother Jones at center front.
—–

Many of the Kentucky mine workers, it is said, live in Mingo county and only recently joined the miners’ union. The recent affiliation with the union of the men affected by the strike order, it is said, is the cause of the present situation.

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